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Kościół Trójcy Świętej i klasztor Bernardynów w Druji, photo Katarzyna Węglicka, 2018
Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, Źródło: Instytut Polonika, Warunki licencji
Fotografia przedstawiająca Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery
Kościół Trójcy Świętej i klasztor Bernardynów w Druji, photo Katarzyna Węglicka, 2018
Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, Źródło: Instytut Polonika, Warunki licencji
Fotografia przedstawiająca Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery
Kościół Trójcy Świętej i klasztor Bernardynów w Druji, photo Katarzyna Węglicka, 2018
Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, Źródło: Instytut Polonika, Warunki licencji
Fotografia przedstawiająca Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery
Holy Trinity Church and Bernardine Monastery in Druja (interior), photo Katarzyna Węglicka, 2018
Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, Źródło: Instytut Polonika, Warunki licencji
Fotografia przedstawiająca Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery
Holy Trinity Church and Bernardine Monastery in Druja (interior), photo Katarzyna Węglicka, 2018
Licencja: CC BY-SA 4.0, Źródło: Instytut Polonika, Warunki licencji
Fotografia przedstawiająca Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery
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ID: POL-002235-P

Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery

ID: POL-002235-P

Druja - Church of the Holy Trinity and Bernardine Monastery

In the town of Druja, on the high bank of the Dvina River, at the eastern end of the part of the river once called Sapiezhina Sloboda, stands the Bernardine Church and Monastery.

The history of the parish begins in the 17th century. In 1633 Casimir Lev Sapieha, the then owner of the town and Lithuanian sub-chancellor, whose efforts built the monastery buildings and the temple for the monks, invited the Bernardines to Drua. The Baroque Holy Trinity Church was built in 1643-1646 and rebuilt in the second half of the 18th century. After the dissolution of the monastery in 1852, it became a parish church. During the Second World War, the entire complex was severely damaged. Some sources even report that the building was directly hit by a shell that severely damaged the walls, which happened in 1944, at which time the temple partially burnt down. Movable furnishings from the 17th and 18th centuries were destroyed in the fire.

The equipment included valuable bells: the Renaissance "Sigismund" from 1520 and the huge "Casimir", donated by the founder of the church, made in the foundry of Hans Bechem in Krakow and, according to local tradition, brought to Drua on a sledge. The "Casimir" bell was used only when there was some special event on a national scale, when a war broke out, or when a pope or king died. Both bells were preserved by the local parishioners during both world wars, but, as often happened in that area, they were destroyed during the period of Soviet rule.

In the Druj church, the Baroque main altar was reconstructed (1995-1996), as well as the four Rococo side altars and the pulpit. Part of the original 17th century stucco vaulting decoration has also survived in the interior.

It is a three-nave basilica with a semicircular closed presbytery and one vestry, with two towers, a beautiful façade and three altars. Adjoining the front of the building is a monumental four-storey tower completed in 1772, presumably designed by Antonio Paracca, covered by a spherical cupola (which formerly contained a decorative cross) and flanked on the second level by volutes covering the top of the side aisles. The various tiers of the tower are decorated with various window openings, corrugated cornices and corner pilasters. Pilasters also decorate the side elevations of the church. The chancel and side walls, which are lower than the main wall, are reinforced with buttresses.
The monastery, which is connected to the church, is a two-storey building built on a quadrilateral plan. The temple and the monastery building form a whole. The external architecture is rather austere and devoid of ornamentation.

The Bernardine congregation was dissolved by order of the Tsarist authorities in 1852. From 1923, the monastic buildings were occupied by the Marians, who worked in the local parish and carried out not only pastoral, but also educational activities. Thanks to their efforts, a school was opened in 1924, and from 1930 it was the Stefan Batory gymnasium, where the writer Antoni Gołubiew worked as a teacher. Lessons were conducted in Polish, and Belarusian was taught as an additional language. The Belarusian intelligentsia was educated here. In 1938, the Polish authorities removed the monks of Belarusian origin from the monastery, and Poles were sent in their place. In 1939, the Soviet authorities closed the school and the director of the grammar school, Father Antoni Ciekot, was exiled to Siberia, where he died.

After the end of the Second World War, the monastery was closed by the Soviet authorities. Since 1948, various educational facilities have been operating on the site of the former monastery. First, the Drujska Agricultural School was located there, then a branch of the Polotsk Technical School, followed by the Land Improvement College. After 1956, the facilities were not used, abandoned and decayed. In 1989, the monastery complex was returned to the Marians, who started its renovation, during which the interior design was restored and partly reconstructed.

The entire complex is surrounded by a fence with a baroque gate from 1778. The monastery is modest from the outside, with walls differing only in their risalits and extensions. The gravestones of local parish priests have been preserved in the church cemetery.

Nowadays, both the temple and the former monastery have been renovated and serve the inhabitants of Drua.

Related persons:
Time of origin:
1643-1646
Creator:
Antonio Paracco (architekt; Inflanty)
Bibliography:
  • Hauser Z., Nowy ilustrowany przewodnik po zabytkach kultury na Białorusi, Warszawa 2005, s. 49-50.
  • Rąkowski G., KRESOWE REZYDENCJE. Zamki, pałace i dwory na dawnych ziemiach wschodnich II RP, t. 1., województwo wileńskie, Warszawa 2017, s. 133-136.
Publikacja:
11.10.2024
Ostatnia aktualizacja:
11.10.2024
Author:
Katarzyna Węglicka
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