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ID: POL-001988-P

Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Barszczowice

ID: POL-001988-P

Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Barszczowice

History
The Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Barszczowice was built in 1898 and immediately consecrated as a branch church of the Jaryczów parish. It was built thanks to the foundation of Zofia Lewicki Siemieńska with the participation of the villagers. In 1902, the bell "Mother of God" was purchased for the church, which was cast in the factory of Antoni Serafin in Kalusz. Ten years later, two more bells were bought, but in 1916, they were requisitioned by the Austrian military authorities. A new brick belfry was added in 1925, and two new bells were purchased again a year later.

The history of the church is not precisely known. It is known, however, that the last pastor in Barszczowice was Father Kazimierz Sowiński, who finally left the village on 5 May 1945, handing over the keys to the temple to the municipal authorities. Fr Sowinski took with him several items of church equipment, which he later deposited in the Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dobrodzień.

In the following years, the building was used in various ways. For more than 40 years it was used as a grain warehouse. In 1984, a branch of the Lviv Historical Museum, dedicated to Budyonny's army, the Red Army's cavalry operational association, was set up in the building. Finally, in the mid-1990s, the temple was handed over to the Greek-Catholic community.

Architecture
The church was placed in the centre of the village, on the road to Jaryczów Nowy. It faces north-east with its presbytery. It is built of brick and plastered. It consists of a four-bay nave, of which the first bay is slightly shorter than the others, a single-bay chancel, which is narrower and lower than the nave, and closed polygonal. The sacristy was built on a rectangular plan, preceded by a spacious vestibule, which adjoins the wall of the nave. The vestibule provides access to the crypt beneath the church. On the south-eastern side, against the wall of the presbytery, a square-shaped tower was built with a porch in the ground floor. Next to the tower is a small annex, containing a staircase. The windows in the nave and ground floor are rectangular, closed with a slightly pointed arch, in the vestry and vestibule the windows are also rectangular, but there is one circular window in the staircase. Most of the entrances are again rectangular in shape, with the exception of the entrance opening in the ground floor of the tower, which is closed with a pointed arch. The entrance opening and the circular window above it are set in a slender ogival panel. The façade is topped with a triangular gable. The church also has a masonry music choir, supported by two pillars.

The roof over the nave is gabled and tiled. There is also a gable roof over the chancel and vestry, a pulpit roof over the vestibule and a triple-pitched roof over the apse. Over the annex at the tower, however, the roof is in the form of a quarter dome mantle, albeit with a slightly pointed outline. All of these are covered with sheet metal. The tower is surmounted by a pyramidal helmet, considerably widened at the lower end and decorated under the apex with four small dormers, the helmet also covered with sheet metal.

The church furnishings include Neo-Baroque altars made around 1900 of wood, polychrome and partly gilded. In the past, the church was furnished, for example, with a pulpit and confessional made of pine wood, a baptistery made of oak wood, an organ from 1909 made by the Janiszewski company, which was extended in 1934, the main architectural altar with the painting of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (the painting is now in the church in Dobrodzień), the side architectural altar with the oil painting of St Anthony with Child and a cartouche decorated with regency ornamentation, numerous sculptures and paintings. However, we do not know where these items are now.

Surrounding the church was also a brick bell tower with four bells, one of which was a signature bell. Today, nearby is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the form of a stone stele topped with a cast iron cross. On the stele is a white marble plaque with the inscription "GRÓB | NIEZNANEGO | ŻOŁNIERZA".

Overall, the architecture of the church is relatively well preserved, although there are very large gaps in the furnishings.

The architect of the church remains unknown. He used a mixture of styles when designing and building the church, relying primarily on Neo-Romanesque forms, but supplementing them with Neo-Gothic and Classicist elements. This use of historicist motifs was characteristic in the Lviv environment for the sacred buildings of Julian Zachariewicz and the students who studied under him at the Lviv Polytechnic. The geometrised crocuses were a particularly recognisable motif. So it seems that the church in Barszczowice can be counted as part of the output of this milieu, but unfortunately there is no concrete confirmation. It is noteworthy, however, that there was an evident desire to give the body of the building an asymmetrical shape, which would indicate that the architect actually wanted to break with Zachariewicz's characteristic geometric and clear layout of the building, aiming for picturesque effects in line with the trend emerging in Central European architecture around 1900.

Time of origin:
1898
Bibliography:
  • Piotr Krasny: „Kościół p.w. Nawiedzenia Najświętszej Panny Marii w Barszczowicach” [w:] „Materiały do dziejów sztuki sakralnej na ziemiach wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Kościoły i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego województwa ruskiego.” Cz. I. T. 8. Kraków 2000, 23-17.
Author:
Izabela Miecznikowska
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