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ID: POL-001581-P

Former St. Andrew's Church and former convent of the Dominican Sisters (MOP) in Zhovkva. Dominican Sisters (MOP) in Zhovkva

ID: POL-001581-P

Former St. Andrew's Church and former convent of the Dominican Sisters (MOP) in Zhovkva. Dominican Sisters (MOP) in Zhovkva

Historical outline
The history of the original wooden building that stood on the site of the later church is older than the history of Zhovkva itself as a town founded by Hetman Zhovkva. Indeed, the first religious building was erected as early as 1543 by the heir of Andrzej Wysocki. It was a parish church intended for the village of Vinniki.

Zolkiew was founded in 1597 and from the very beginning it was an unusual place. The ambition of hetman Żółkiewski, the founder and the first owner, was to create a town resembling the Renaissance Zamość. Therefore, to comprehensively design the town, Żółkiewski employed, among others, an outstanding architect Paweł Szczęśliwy. Żółkiew was granted town rights in 1603, so the church in question was to serve as a branch church, which was subordinate to the pastor of Żółkiew. At the beginning of the c. XVII, the building bore the name of St. Andrew.

Initially, it was inhabited by Benedictine nuns, but in 1682 Jan III Sobieski brought the Dominican sisters from Kamieniec Podolski. This happened after the famous events alluded to in his novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Kamieniec Podolski had been occupied by the Turks ten years earlier, and the end of the life of Jerzy Wołodyjowski (the prototype for Sienkiewicz's Michał Wołodyjowski), who was killed during an explosion in the Kamieniec castle, took place just then. In 1687, the Archbishop of Lvov, Konstanty Samuel Lipski, approved the nuns' takeover of the church, and the King offered the congregation land and erected a wooden monastery for them.

It is believed that the brick buildings were built in the early 18th century. The Zhovkva congregation of Dominican nuns was developing, and the condition of the building, according to the reports of the inspectors, did not raise any objections. The wealth of the well-managed convent was evidenced by the fact that the sisters gave... loans to the local nobility.

When Poland came under partition, the convent was dissolved as part of the Josephine reforms. The property (three villages and a farm) was incorporated into a religious fund, and the church and monastery buildings were initially used as barracks and later as a military hospital. Today they are used for production and administrative purposes.

The cryptic abbreviation 'MOP' in the title stands for Missionaries of the Poor.

Architecture
The complex was located in the suburb of Gliński. The buildings were built of brick and plastered. In terms of architectural style, there is a clear lack of direction, due to numerous modernisations.

The plan of the former church was based on a rectangle. It is assumed that the building originally had a single nave, with the chancel facing north and a basement. The interior was divided into two storeys. To the west, the building was enclosed by single-storey rooms. A stone plaque with the inscription can be seen embedded on the south façade: EX VESTALIUM DOMICIL[O | LAESO | EK! NON VICTO MARTI | HOSPITALE ERREXIT | IOSEPHUS SECUNDUS | ANNO 1787.

. The building that housed the monastery has two floors and a basement. The façade is based on twelve axes. The upper floor is separated by a flat cornice. The windows have plaster bands. The interior features a legible ground floor with one tract and a corridor to the north. Cross vaults predominate, and in part of the corridor there are collector vaults.

Time of origin:
17th century.
Bibliography:
  • Jerzy T. Petrus „Dawny kościół pw. św. Andrzeja i były klasztor pp. dominikanek.” W: „Materiały do dziejów sztuki sakralnej na ziemiach wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Cz. 1: Kościoły i klasztory Żółkwi” T. 2. Kraków: Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury w Krakowie, 1994, s. 169-171.
Supplementary bibliography:
Publikacja:
22.07.2024
Ostatnia aktualizacja:
22.07.2024
Author:
Michał Dziadosz
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