Xavier (Xawery) Gałęzowski (3.01.1832-22.03.1907) - Polish ophthalmologist born in Lipovec, designer of medical instruments, author of the so-called Gałęzowski method, active in Russia and France. Graduated from the Medical-Surgical School in St. Petersburg, in 1859 he went to Paris. In the French capital, he resided at 103 boulevard Haussmann, and from 1867 ran a clinic on Dauphine Street; with his authoritative methods of conducting ophthalmology, he quickly gained a reputation in the era as one of the best Parisian ophthalmologists. He conceived and founded the first ophthalmological journal in France, the Journal d'Ophtalmologie (1872), and later also the Recueil d'Ophtalmologie. His achievements included the invention of a new surgical method for treating retinal detachment, based on injecting iodine into the eye to create a conglomeration reaction between the retina and the choroid; the invention of the so-called "yawl", an instrument for repairing retinal tears by burning the retina; the description of the retinal migraine phenomenon for the first time (1882); and the development of the ophthalmoscope (an instrument for observing the fundus of the eye). After the death of his uncle Seweryn Galeziowski, in 1887 he took over the position of chairman of the Administrative Council of the Polish National School in the French capital. He was an active member of the Paris Society of Polish Physicians, author of several hundred articles in professional journals and the book "Traite des maladies des yeux" (1872).