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ID: POL-002093-P

Parish Church of St. Wendelin in Kalinowo

ID: POL-002093-P

Parish Church of St. Wendelin in Kalinowo

Variants of the name:
Cerkiew grekokatolicka p.w. Michała Archanioła w Kalinowie

Historical outline
Originally, the village of Kalinin was called Kaiserdorf (i.e. Kaiser Village). All because it was founded as a German colony. This was in 1783, and most of the immigrants were Catholics. Originally, the village belonged to the parish in Sambor, but in 1791, Emperor Joseph II established a local chaplaincy, the nucleus of a separate parish. At that time, a wooden church building dedicated to St Michael the Archangel was built. According to sources, around 1815 the building was already in poor condition. It was therefore decided to build a new brick building in parallel. In 1823, the existing church was consecrated anew under the name of St. Francis of Seraphim.

The consecration of the new brick church took place in 1858. According to accounts from the 1860s, the church was "inside and outside in good condition, neatly kept and clean". At the beginning of the 20th century, the interior was painted and the altars were renovated.

During the First World War, the parsonage and farm buildings were damaged by the Russians. Two bells were also confiscated. The damage was repaired before 1920, and parishioners also contributed towards new bells and other lost furnishings.

In the early 1920s, the roof of the building was covered with sheet metal and the church was surrounded by a wooden fence. The inventory was gradually enriched: three new bells were consecrated (1924), the organ was repaired (1925), and the Stations of the Cross were made (1927).

At the end of the 1930s, a major renovation of the interior took place. The stained-glass windows were renewed, and paintings were made on the walls. The placement of the Polish eagle in the building caused a protest from the German part of the population, so the parish priest decided to replace it with the bishop's insignia.

In 1941, the church was consumed by fire. After the repatriation of the Germans, the building was used as a Greek-Catholic church. In 1946, it was closed and turned into a warehouse. In 1989, both Greek Catholics and Orthodox began to use the former church. Today, it is the Greek-Catholic Church of St. Michael the Archangel. Nowadays, it is a Greek Catholic Church of St. Michael the Archangel.

Architecture
The building is situated by the roadside. It sits on a rectangular square, now surrounded by a metal fence painted light blue. The church is made of brick, plastered, and on the eastern side (i.e. on the side of the presbytery) it is enclosed in a triangular shape.

It is worth noting that the building is an example of a so-called official (or typical) church, or Musterkirche. It is not a nominative exemplification, but a more modest version of this type of building. Churches in this style were built en masse in the Habsburg monarchy between the end of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Its main characteristics include an interior consisting of a single nave, a polygonal closed chancel (with annexes on the sides) and a tower at the front. Of course, the buildings built in the Musterkirche style were not identical. They differed, among other things, in the varying degrees of reference to Neoclassicism or Baroque.

It is to the Baroque style, to a very delicate degree, that the temple in Kalinowo refers, while remaining within the aesthetics of the official church. A segment has been separated from the space of the nave, which houses the porch, staircase and storeroom on the ground floor and the music choir on the upper storey. From the outside, a not very prominent tower built on a square plan towers over everything.

In the façades, one of the articulating elements is a low plinth and a moulded cornice. Even the façade is quite modest in this simple design, which focuses primarily on usability. However, this does not change the fact that, against the background of the entire building, it is still the most complex element. It is single-storey, but three-fielded. The central field is slightly chiselled and the corners are framed by lisens with capitals flowing smoothly into the cornice. The tower corresponds in width to the central field of the façade. The roof over the nave is gabled, the roof over the apse is multi-pitched and the roof over the vestry is triple-pitched. All were covered with sheet metal. The bell-shaped helmet of the tower is topped with a cross.

The interior elevations have no articulation. The windows (mostly) are rectangular as are the entrance openings. The music choir is of brick construction, supported by pillars.

Time of origin:
1858 (consecration)
Bibliography:
  • Jan K. Ostrowski, Rafał Quirini-Popławski „Kościół parafialny p.w. Św. Wendelina w Kalinowie.” W: „Materiały do dziejów sztuki sakralnej na ziemiach wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Cz. 1: Kościoły i klasztory rzymskokatolickie dawnego województwa ruskiego” T. 7. Kraków: Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury w Krakowie, 1999, s. 69-74.
Publikacja:
22.07.2024
Ostatnia aktualizacja:
23.07.2024
Author:
Michał Dziadosz
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