In 1944, subdivisions of the 1st Polish Army in the USSR under the command of General Zygmunt Berling were stationed in Sumy. In the local Central Cemetery, where a war cemetery was established, soldiers who had died before the start of combat operations, as a result of diseases contracted during exile deep into the USSR, were buried.

After the end of the Second World War, the Polish side received from the Soviet side a list, drawn up in Russian, of the names of the 42 soldiers buried here.

The cemetery is unfenced. Its focal point is a 3-metre high stone figure of a soldier, at the foot of which there is an inscription board with an inscription in Ukrainian [translated into Polish: "Here are buried soldiers of the Polish Army / who fell in battle / against the German-fascist / partitioners in 1944"]. On either side of the soldier's statue stretches a low wall, on which two plaques were attached - in Polish and Ukrainian. The Polish inscription contained linguistic errors, as a result of which, in 2013. The Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Remembrance funded a change to the plaque. The current inscription reads: 'Here lie the soldiers of the People's Polish Army who died in the military hospital between 21 II 1944 and 25 VI 1944.