It was founded on the basis of scientific courses attended by 42 boys in 1915. The initiator of the establishment was Kazimierz Masijewski, a graduate of Petrograd University. In April 1918, the school became the property of the Polish Teachers' Association. When the war ended, the school was headed by Zygmunt Fedorowicz. The grammar school was nationalised on 1 January 1920.

. In a letter of 21 June 1938, the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment ordered the liquidation of the Joachim Lelewel State Gymnasium in Vilnius as of 30 June 1938.