In the local cemetery at 175/175 Opavská Street, there is a mass grave of 17 victims of Polenlager No. 83 in Lower Benešov (Czech: Dolní Benešov). The grave marked No. 654 is located in the rear part of the cemetery, opposite the side entrance. It features a granite monument in the form of a pedestal with the inscription in Czech "Na památku polským obětem nacismu zdejšího koncentračního tábora z let 1943-1944" (In memory of the Polish victims of fascism from the local concentration camp). The memorial was made in 1965 by a stonemasonry company from Zlaté Hory. In 2019, the grave and the memorial were renovated with funds from the local municipality and is maintained by it. As the Czech historian Mečislav Borák (1945-2017) has shown, Polenlager No. 83 in Benešov Dolný operated between 1942 and 1943, and was located in the farm buildings next to the castle (the buildings have not survived). It is known that at least two larger transports of Poles were sent to the camp: at the end of the summer of 1942 after arrests in Sosnowiec, Niwka and Będzin and in February 1943 after arrests in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie. Seventeen Poles died in the camp, whose details M. Borák established on the basis of entries in the metric books of the municipal office of Benešov Dolny and in the death book of the local Catholic parish (the data of the victims are given according to these findings). The total number of Poles imprisoned is difficult to determine. Between 1942 and 1945, the authorities of the German province of Upper Silesia established several dozen camps, the so-called Polenlagr, for the Polish population of Upper Silesia, the Dąbrowa Basin, Cieszyn Silesia and the Żywiec region. The camps housed entire families deprived of their property as part of the deportation of the Polish population, as well as Poles who refused to sign the German nationality list, those arrested for having relatives involved in the resistance movement and unaccompanied children. The administration of these camps was entrusted to the German National Mediation Office (Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle), whose main task was to organise the settlement of ethnically German populations from, among others, Bukovina, Dobrudja, Bessarabia and Eastern Europe, who were settled on farms forcibly abandoned by Poles. The Polenlagers were subjected to a strict camp regime, hunger, oppression and harsh living conditions. Inmates were sent to forced labour both inside and outside the camp. Prisoners were transferred to other camps, sent to forced labour in the German Reich, but sometimes also released.