The most important Polish architect in the interwar years was Romuald Gutt. He was also the designer of the building of the Polish school in Lipówka in Vilnius, which was interestingly integrated into the undulating and wooded landscape of the area.

The tradition of manor houses in architecture in the 1930s
. The style known as manor house, a traditional form in 1920s architecture, was based on historical or folk inspirations. By the following decade, however, it was already regarded as a relic. The idea of "domesticity" in architecture was still relevant, but it took on a different meaning under the influence of the development of modernism.

Architectural theorists suggested that efforts should be made to develop the distinctive features of Polish architecture in contemporary forms imported from the West, as had been done in the past. In this way, a Polish variant of modernist architecture was to be created in place of the anachronistic replicas of the Renaissance and Baroque. "Homeliness" was therefore sought to be expressed through the use of natural materials found in a given environment and a body that blended with the surroundings. Western architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright or Alvar Aalto designed in this way. The effect of such an approach was to create an architecture integrated with the landscape by means of appropriately selected, natural building materials (primarily stone and wood) and a body treated as a consequence of the natural setting. A spectacular example of the 'new traditionalism' understood in this way was the astronomical and meteorological observatory on the summit of Mount Pop Ivan in the Czarnohora massif in the Hutsul region.

Romuald Gutt - the most important Polish architect of the interwar years
. Warsaw-based Romuald Gutt (1888-1974), one of the most important Polish architects of the inter-war years, belonged to the proponents of such a design direction. He designed single-family houses, schools and public buildings.

Gutt's work underwent a remarkable evolution. He began with projects in the manor house spirit (he took part, among other things, in the construction of official colonies in the Eastern Territories, designing multi-family houses in Kowel, in the province of Volhynia). He later became interested in German Expressionism and the organic architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, before finally devoting himself to avant-garde modernism. For Vilnius, he designed the building of the elementary school in Lipovka, on Belina-Prażmowskiego Street (now Liepkalnio gatve). This building is one of the most interesting examples of the architect's rich design legacy.

School architecture
The construction of the school in Lipivka (then the south-eastern suburb of Vilnius) was carried out in 1938-1939. The building, which was modern in terms of its function and excellently equipped, consists of two parallel bodies with a connector, forming a horseshoe-shaped layout. The building is integrated into the undulating and wooded landscape of the Vilnius area in an interesting way, including the connecting passage with a reinforced concrete bridge. The dominant element of the body of the building are the gable elevations of one of the wings, faced with granite erratic stones in a sculptural, chiaroscuro manner (additionally, mosaic decorative motifs were introduced in one of the elevations). In this way, the architect achieved a symbiosis of architecture and environment.

Such solutions are characteristic of Romuald Gutt's work in this period. He also used cladding of irregular, rustic stone, for example, in the design of the post office in Kazimierz Dolny. Where the designer sought to link the building with its surroundings and designed it as a visual base for the gable of the historic Kazimierz collegiate church. The links between the architecture and the surrounding space are also clear in Gutt's projects such as the swimming pool or the post office in Ciechocinek.

Activities of the Polish school in Lip ówka
The facility at Lipówka began operating in the last year of Poland's independence as the Józef Piłsudski Primary School No. 40. During the Second World War a military hospital was organised here. From 1945 to 1947, the building housed a military technical school, then School No. 2 with Russian as the language of instruction. In 1990, it was reborn as a Polish educational institution. In 2011, however, the building was completely renovated.