Adampol (Adamköyi and from 1893 Polonezköy) was founded in 1842 on the initiative of the leader of the Hotel Lambert party - after whom the town was named - Adam Czartoryski (1760-1861) and his representative acting as Head of the Eastern Mission Agency, Michał Czajkowski (1805-1886), together with Ludwika Śniadecka. The project was successfully launched in 1842, and a contract was signed with the Lazarist Order to lease land for a Polish colony. The first 12 settlers were men aged between 30 and 50, participants in the November Uprising, arrested by the Russians and, after being conscripted into the army, sent to the Caucasus, from where, sometimes via Persia, they ended up in the Ottoman Empire as slaves. They were protected by a French protectorate granted due to the fact that the land originally belonged to the French Order and since ... to the Czartoryski family. From the outset, therefore, Adampol was intended not only as a centre of Polishness and a place for the formation of legions, but also as a settlement where Poles redeemed from slavery and other Slavs, provided they were Catholics, could be found among their own. Initially - especially in Adam Czartoryski's intention - the settlement was to be only temporary, which obviously was not conducive to permanent investment. Czajkowski and Ludwika Śniadecka, on the other hand, strived to make the settlement (also known at the time as an asylum or colony, and less commonly as a village) more permanent. The first families were probably established as early as 1845. The number of settlers slowly but steadily increased, although there were also those who stayed in Adampol for only a short period. There are no complete data, but we know, for example, that in 1848 there were 19 settlers and in 1858 the village was inhabited by 26 with their families. However, after the fall of the January Uprising, the population was to increase to around 100 families.

Already in the first period of the settlement's activity in 1848, the first burial was to take place due to the death of one of the settlers. According to Jerzy Łątka, the oldest gravestone was supposed to belong to Karol Zarzycki (died 1850), however, it was not found during the inventory works in 2023. Thus, the oldest monument located in the present area of the cemetery is the gravestone of Ludwika Śniadecka. However, initially - due to her conversion to Islam, she was buried on a hill outside the cemetery space, and it was only with the expansion of the cemetery that this monument was found within the foundation. The oldest monuments in the form of marble slabs are those of Antoni Wieruski (died 1869) and Adam Michałowski (died 1869), while three crosses and two gravestones have survived from the 1870s, and another seven from the 1880s and 1890s. The small number of monuments from the 19th century and the slightly larger number from the beginning of the 20th century is partly due to the relatively small number of settlers, but above all to the fact that most gravestones had no permanent forms of commemoration, only earthen graves and wooden crosses. These can be seen in both photographs and paintings from the interwar period.

The cemetery, although quite overgrown had the character of a regular foundation. Work carried out in 1983 to fence the cemetery and make paths tidied up the cemetery space. Between 1986 and 1987, Jan Krzysztof Cichy carried out the first inventory of tombstones (completed in 1998). Between 1998 and 1999, the Council for the Protection of Struggle and Martyrdom Sites funded the restoration of as many as 92 tombstones, including that of Ludwika Śniadecka.

In 1998 inventory work was carried out and conservation documentation was prepared. The conservation work was supervised by Janusz Smaza of the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. The project of development of the cemetery space was prepared by Jarosław Skrzypczyk and implemented by the Adampol Municipality. In 1999, a Monument Dedicated to All Fallen Residents and Founders of Polonezköyi was also unveiled. The plaques on it were made by a stone workshop in Warsaw. In 2012, however, the Association for the Protection and Revitalisation of Polonezköy was established, which became the owner of the cemetery grounds, and individual spaces in the cemetery were sold to Polish families living in Adampol. A monument to the memory of unknown Polish soldiers was also erected on the outskirts of the cemetery, incorporating a wooden cross dating back to the 19th century, which was originally located in the centre of the settlement and later moved to the church area, from where it was placed in the cemetery.