License: public domain, Source: Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa, License terms and conditions
Photo showing Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki\'s mother in Krzemieniec

License: public domain, Source: Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa, License terms and conditions
Photo showing Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki\'s mother in Krzemieniec
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ID: DAW-000451-P/189657

Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki's mother in Krzemieniec

ID: DAW-000451-P/189657

Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki's mother in Krzemieniec

The text mentions the tomb in Krzemieniec, where the bodies of Aleksandra née Dómanowska and Teodor Januszeski, as well as Salomea Becu, the mother of Juliusz Słowacki, were laid to rest. The individual tomb inscriptions are described in detail and quoted. The text is also accompanied by engravings and a photograph of the Januszewski family tomb (Source: "Ziemia. Tygodnik Krajoznawczy Ilustrowany" Warsaw 1926, no. 9, pp. 2-3, after: Wielkopolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa).

A modernised reading of the text.

The tomb of Słowacki's mother.

Whoever comes to Krzemieniec, whether driven by fate or wishing to become acquainted with the city's monuments, will not fail to pray at the tomb of the woman who gave birth to the author of "The Ghost King". In the Tunica cemetery, in the shade of a weeping ash tree, stands a modest monument, representing an urn on a high pedestal. Here rests the corpse of this much-loved mother. She does not rest alone, but, as the inscriptions testify, among a circle of loved ones. Only her son is missing, although his name also appears on the tombstone. Let's take a closer look at the inscriptions. The monument, like all the gravestones in the cemetery, faces the street. On the front wall is the following inscription:

D. O. M.
Here
rests
corpse
ALEXANDRA of DÓ-
MANOTSKI TE-
ODORA
JANUSZESKICH
Aleks. żyła l. 38
Died 11 Listop. 1833 R.
Theodore Lived l. 80
Died 3 July 1837 R.

These are the parents of Salomea Becu, and grandparents of Juliusz Słowacki. Teodor Januszeski, whom Słowacki often mentions in his works and on whom he models many of his characters, was the general administrator of the Krzemieniec Liceum estate.
The inscription on the right side of the monument reads:

JANOWI and JULIA
z MICHALSKICH
JANUSZESKI
Jan lived l. 33
died 1831
d. 23 May
Julia lived
l. 23, died 1832 R.
d. 15 July.

Jan Januszeski, who rests here with his wife, did not enjoy marital bliss for long; on 27 October 1828 he married Julia, née Michalski, a native of Wierzchówka in Podolia. Słowacki spent the summer of 1826 in Wierzchówka, and modelled his Anielinki in 'Beniowski' on the grove there, known as Julinka. Upon hearing of the 1830 uprising, Jan Januszeski rushed to the call of his homeland and joined Różycki's unit. After this troop was broken up, he was chopped up by a peasant given to him as a guide. After her husband's death, his wife gave birth to a son, Stas, whom Słowacki mentions in the poem: "To Teofil Januszewski" and in "Hymn o zachodzie słońca". Soon after giving birth to her son, however, Juliet falls into consumption and dies.

Let us now turn to the left side of the monument and look at the inscription. Here it is:

JULIUSZ
SLOVAKIAN
who
was born
in Krzemieniec
23 August 1809
died in Paris
3 April 1849 R.
and MELANIA
JANUSZESKA
grandchildren of Theodore
and Aleksandra
Januszeski.

All three inscriptions quoted so far are engraved by one and the same hand in capital letters. All three are from the same time, which is also evidenced by their arrangement (they say how old he lived and when he died, and do not give his date of birth). These inscriptions seem to indicate that the monument was erected after 3 April 1849, i.e. after Słowacki's death, and the mention of Słowacki and the inclusion of his date of birth shows that Salomea Becu inserted this monument. She did not forget Melania, daughter of Teofil Januszeski and Hersylia Becu, who died as a young child. Moreover, it strikes us that in all these inscriptions the family name is Januszescy and not Januszewski, as Słowacki writes. Based on the above, we can assume that the tombstone already existed when Juliusz Słowacki's mother was buried, and the following inscription was placed on the last free, back side of the monument:

SALOMEA z JA-
NUSZEWSKICH
BECU
widow of Eu-
zebius
Becu, mother of Julio-
slovak-
kiego
lived 65 years
died d. 26 July-
died on 26 July 1855.

This inscription is later than the previous ones, engraved with a different hand, in written letters. Furthermore, Salomea's maiden name is written here: Januszewska, not Januszeska as in the previous inscriptions: Januszeska. One more trace of the death of Juliusz's mother has been preserved in Krzemieniec. It is a reference to her death in the books of the deceased of the parish church. Thanks to the kindness of today's parish priest, Rev. Monsignor Malecki, I am quoting this entry in Polish translation, as the original is written in Russian:

"1855, on 26 July, in Krzemieniec, the wife of the State Councillor Salomea Becu died of cholera, provided with the Holy Sacraments. She was the wife of the late State Councillor, Professor of Vilnius University, August Becu, she was 64 years old; she was a parishioner of the Krzemieniec church and had long lost her offspring. Her body was buried in the public Krzemieniec cemetery by the Krzemieniec parish priest and district dean, Józef Szczepanowski, on 28 July that year".

Visitors to the Tunitsk cemetery today to pay homage to the bard's mother are surprised to learn that the cemetery is still Orthodox to this day. Despite the efforts of the local parish, it has not been possible to obtain the revindication of this cemetery, which not only that it was Polish, but also houses in its soil the remains so dear to the heart of every Pole.

Time of construction:

1926

Keywords:

Publication:

27.02.2025

Last updated:

16.07.2025
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 Photo showing Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki\'s mother in Krzemieniec Gallery of the object +1

 Photo showing Tomb of Juliusz Słowacki\'s mother in Krzemieniec Gallery of the object +1

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